Researchers analysed the DNA of more than 500 healthy dogs to find out if genetic factors influence the variation of fructosamine levels in the blood.

Genetic interaction in Belgian shepherd dogs could protect against diabetes

Scientists have discovered a genetic interaction that could explain why Belgian shepherd dogs have a lower risk of developing diabetes.

An interaction between genes located on two different chromosomes provides a novel mechanism for regulating blood-sugar levels, according to research published in the PLOS ONE journal.

Diabetes is a serious health problem in both dogs and humans. Some dog breeds, including various spaniels and terriers, have an increased risk of developing the condition, whilst others are very rarely affected.

"The Belgian shepherd breed has a low risk of developing diabetes and our findings could be connected to a protective mechanism against the disease," explained Dr Marcin Kierczak from Uppsala University. "Now we are trying to learn more about this phenomenon."

Researchers from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Uppsala University analysed the DNA of more than 500 healthy dogs of nine different breeds, from five European countries, to find out if genetic factors influence the variation of fructosamine levels in the blood.

Measuring the concentration of fructosamine in the blood is one way to diagnose and monitor diabetes, as it indicates the blood-sugar level over a period of time.

Analysing the breeds separately, the research team found variations in part of chromosome 3 that link to fructosamine concentrations in Belgian shepherds of the Malinois subtype. Within and close to this area, they discovered interesting candidate genes that have previously been associated with glucose metabolism.

After further study, researchers found a region of chromosome 5 that interacts with the part of chromosome 3 they had already identified. However, the mechanism by which these genes interact remains to be discovered.

"Dogs need a good oxygen supply and an even blood-sugar level to work hard," said lead author Katja Höglund. "Our hypothesis is that dogs with good blood glucose control have been selected in the course of developing the Belgian shepherd, thus creating a breed with a protective trait against development of diabetes."

It is thought further investigation could improve the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.